Contact lenses and vision problems

Contact lenses can be used to correct many common vision problems, including short-sightedness, long-sightedness and astigmatism. Here’s some handy information on each condition, and which contact lenses and treatments might be suitable if you suffer from them.

Lots of people wear contact lenses to correct short-sightedness, the most popular brands including Acuvue TruEye and Focus Dailies. Corrective glasses and refractive surgery are treatments used to correct myopia. If myopia is severe, you might have to wear your corrective glasses or contact lenses constantly, but if it's moderate, you'll only need to wear them for distance viewing.

Refractive surgery is another option to consider and you may find you no longer need glasses or contact lenses after its completion. An excimer laser is often used to perform refractive surgery, which consists of two forms, being photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK. With PRK, a layer of corneal tissue is removed to flatten the cornea, allowing light rays to accurately focus on the retina. With the LASIK procedure, a tiny flap is created from the plane of the cornea. The laser then removes part of the corneal tissue and the flap is returned back to its original position. LASIK surgery is the more common of the two, although it's not suitable for children or teenagers.

Orthokeratology is a non-surgical option, requiring you to wear specially-designed hard gas permeable lenses at night, to reshape the cornea. When the lenses are removed in the morning, the cornea retains its new shape temporarily, allowing you to see more clearly during the day without glasses or contact lenses. Phakic Intraocular Lenses (Phakik IOLs) are somewhat like contact lenses, although they are permanent and placed inside of the eye. Also, no maintenance is needed with this procedure.

Hyperopia is the medical term used for long-sightedness. People experiencing hyperopia can see objects from a distance, but have difficulty focusing on objects that are in close proximity to them. This condition manifests as a result of light rays entering the eye's focus behind the retina, as opposed to hitting the retina directly. If you have hyperopia your eyeball will be shorter than normal. Children born with hyperopia often grow out of it, as their eyeballs extend to a normal size.

Headaches or eye strain are common symptoms of hyperopia and you might find yourself squinting or your eyes may feel fatigued when performing short-sighted tasks. Book an appointment with your optician for an eye exam if you are experiencing any of these symptoms, to ensure you have the correct prescription.

It’s very common to wear contact lenses to correct long-sightedness. Some of the most popular brands include Air Optix and everclear contact lenses. Glasses can also help correct hyperopia by changing the way light rays bend into the eyes. With long-sightedness you may have to wear your glasses or contact lenses constantly, or it may only be when reading, working on your computer, or carrying out any other short-sighted tasks.

Refractive surgery, like LASIK or Conductive Keratoplasty (CK), which is a non-laser refractive surgery, can also help to correct hyperopia, either eliminating or reducing the use of contact lenses and glasses.

Toric lenses for astigmatism are readily available from online contact lens suppliers, including VisionDirect.co.uk. The most popular brands include Focus Dailies Toric and 1 Day Acuvue Moist for Astigmatism.

Gas permeable contact lenses are effective in treating astigmatism and their hard structure makes them an ideal replacement for the cornea's surface. Soft lens prescriptions for astigmatism also consist of a sphere and cylinder power and axis designation. Glasses used to treat astigmatism contain lenses that are specifically crafted to compensate for the cornea's uneven shape. As light passes through the corrective lens, it is directed onto the retina to improve vision.

It’s common to wear multifocal contact lenses to treat presbyopia. Presbyopia is a form of long-sightedness that generally manifests with age. As you get older, the natural lens inside of your eye thickens, loosing flexibility. The lens hardens, becoming rigid with reduced elasticity and the muscle fibres that surround the lens becomes less supple. All of these factors make it a challenge for the eye to focus on objects that are placed in close proximity.

This condition can affect anyone, even if you've always had perfect eyesight and vision. Presbyopia typically begins to appear around the age of 40 and you may notice your eyesight becoming blurry when carrying out tasks like reading or sewing. If you are short-sighted and wear glasses or contact lenses, presbyopia can still affect you, causing fuzzy vision with objects that are close up.

If you have presbyopia, you will have developed a tendency to hold objects, like books and newspapers, at arm's length away in order to read the fine print clearly. Text on pages of books, newspapers and magazines will appear blurry if you try to read them at a normal distance. You might even experience eye strain and headaches if you attempt to carry out tasks like needle work, jewellery making or handwriting, feeling quite fatigued.

Multifocal contact lenses are often used to treat presbyopia, coming in soft and gas permeable options. Monovision contact lenses like Proclear Multifocal, where one lens is used for distance viewing and the other for short-sighted vision, are used to treat presbyopia. With monovision lenses, the brain automatically switches to the appropriate eye for each task, although while wearing them you may experience a loss of depth of perception, as well as reduced visual sharpness.

Reading glasses may also be prescribed for presbyopia. These glasses are worn whenever short-sighted tasks are being carried out. You can also wear reading glasses with contact lenses, although your optician will have to prescribe those for you.

A stronger prescription will inevitably be required over time, so it is important to get regular check-ups with your optician, to ensure your prescription is still functioning at its optimal level for your eyesight.

A PRELEX operation is the surgical option for presbyopia. This procedure removes the old and inflexible lens, replacing it with an artificial one and is performed under local anaesthetic.

Contact lenses can be used to treat eye conditions, which cause blurred vision. However, if you don’t follow the instructions advised by your optician, and the lenses get dirty, damaged or wet, you may experience blurred vision.

• Blurred vision – if your vision is out of focus, or your eyesight lacks sharpness, you may have blurred vision. This can be caused by short-sightedness, long-sightedness and astigmatism, but it can also be symptomatic of dry eyes, eye changes during pregnancy or neurological disorders. Cataracts can also cause blurred vision, causing problems seeing in very dim or bright light, and a halo effect around bright lights, or double vision. If your blurred vision has suddenly appeared, please arrange a check-up with your optician.
   
• Double vision – also known as diplopia, or ghost images, can occur for several reasons, like intoxication or inadequate sleep. It can also be the result of a severe health problem, such as a stroke, head injury, brain tumour or brain aneurysms. Sometimes cataracts can cause double vision, more often in one eye, as can cranial nerve palsies, which involve the paralysis or loss of coordination of one or more muscles involved in the movement of the eyes. Special contact lenses, eye drops and punctal plugs or surgery can help with double vision. If you experience sudden double vision, please arrange a check-up with your optician.
• Higher order aberrations – also known as HOAs or coma, trefoil and spherical aberrations. These conditions make it hard to see at night due to experiencing halos, glare, blurring, double vision and starburst patterns. Everyone has some sort of higher-order aberration varying by degrees, so there is little cause for concern unless it disrupts your vision.
• Peripheral vision and tunnel vision problems – tunnel vision makes you feel as if you are seeing through a narrow tunnel due to an abnormality in your wide angle field of vision. It can also make seeing in dim settings and navigating while walking more difficult. Peripheral vision problems like this can be caused by optic nerve damage from conditions such as glaucoma, eye strokes, or eye injuries. It can also be caused by compressed nerves and concussion. If you experience sudden tunnel vision, please see your optician as this could indicate a detached retina.

Need a little help? Call us for free advice on contact lenses, or ask our optician about eye care. We’re available from Monday - Friday 8:00 - 21:00, and Saturday - Sunday 8:00 - 18:00, on 020 7768 5000, or by emailing help@visiondirect.co.uk.